. "s\u00F3ch\u00E1n"@ga . "mutatsioon"@et . "mutation"@en-us . "mutaatio, muutos"@fi . . "mut\u00E1cia"@sk . "zmiana w chemicznym uk\u0142adzie DNA w chromosomach okre\u015Blonego organizmu; zmiany dotycz\u0105 zasadniczo poszczeg\u00F3lnych gen\u00F3w, w niekt\u00F3rych wypadkach mog\u0105 to by\u0107 zmiany ca\u0142ych chromosom\u00F3w"@pl . . . "\u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F"@ru . . "\u53D8\u5F02"@zh-cn . "mutasjon"@no . "Mutation"@de . "\u062A\u0637\u0641\u064A\u0631"@ar . "mutace"@cs . "mutacija"@sl . 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"@ar . "mutazione"@it . "2004-09-08T09:59:20Z"^^ . "mut\u00E1ci\u00F3"@hu . "\u041F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044F\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0435\u0436 \u043D\u0430 \u0414\u041D\u041A \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0437\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u044A\u043C; \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0438\u043A\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0441\u0430 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043B\u043D\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0438, \u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0437\u043E\u043C\u0438. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044A\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043D\u0435 \u0434\u043E \u043D"@bg . . "st\u00F6kkbreyting"@is . "\u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F"@uk . "mutasyon"@tr . "mutacija"@hr . "mutazzjoni"@mt . "mutaci\u00F3"@ca . "2004-09-08T09:59:20Z"^^ . "\u0417\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430 \u0443 \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u0414\u041D\u041A \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0441\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443; \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0456\u0432, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0439\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0456 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0441\u043E\u043C\u0456. \u0412\u043D\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043A \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u0443 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430. \u041C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 - \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0433\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0432. \u0421\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u043A\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0456, \u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043C \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0456\u043C \u043A\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043C\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0437\u0456. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0443, \u0448\u0442\u0443\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0446\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0441\u043D\u044E\u0454 \u043D\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0443 \u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043E\u0457, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0456 \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438."@uk . "\u0418\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0414\u041D\u041A \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0441\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430; \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044C\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043C\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0441\u043E\u043C\u044B. \u0412\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435. \u041C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0432 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0433\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430\u0445. \u0421\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043A\u0435, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043C \u043A\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043A\u0430\u043C, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0445\u043E\u0434\u0435 \u043C\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0437\u0430. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442 \u043A \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u0432\u044B\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0438\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u044F, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438."@ru . . "\u751F\u7269\u4F53\u4E2D\u67D3\u8272\u4F53DNA\u7684\u5316\u5B66\u6210\u5206\u7684\u53D8\u5316\uFF1A\u53D8\u5316\u901A\u5E38\u9650\u4E8E\u5355\u4E2A\u57FA\u56E0\uFF0C\u4F46\u5076\u5C14\u6D89\u53CA\u4E25\u91CD\u7684\u6539\u53D8\u6574\u4E2A\u67D3\u8272\u4F53\u3002\u5F53\u7A81\u53D8\u53D1\u751F\u5728\u914D\u5B50\u6216\u914D\u5B50\u4F53\u65F6\uFF0C\u9057\u4F20\u7684\u53D8\u5316\u53EF\u80FD\u4EA7\u751F\u3002\u7A81\u53D8\u662F\u751F\u7269\u4F53\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u9057\u4F20\u53D8\u5F02\u7684\u9014\u5F84\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u4E00\u4E2A\u7EC6\u80DE\u4F53\u53D1\u751F\u7A81\u53D8\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u4F53\u7EC6\u80DE\uFF0C\u5E76\u56E0\u6B64\u4F20\u9012\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4ECE\u5B83\u6D3E\u751F\u7684\u6709\u4E1D\u5206\u88C2\u7EC6\u80DE\u3002\u81EA\u7136\u7A81\u53D8\uFF0C\u5728\u8FD9\u4E2A\u751F\u7269\u8FDB\u5316\u9636\u6BB5\uFF0C\u5F53\u4ED6\u4EEC\u51FA\u73B0\u5728\u9AD8\u7B49\u52A8\u7269\u7684\u7EC6\u80DE\u4E2D\u65F6\uFF0C\u51E0\u4E4E\u603B\u662F\u4EA7\u751F\u6709\u5BB3\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u81EA\u7136\u548C\u4EBA\u4E3A\u7684\u7A81\u53D8\u53EF\u901A\u8FC7\u7535\u79BB\u8F90\u5C04\uFF08\u6765\u81EA\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u7684\u57FA\u56E0\u548C\u81F4\u764C\u5371\u9669\uFF09\u4EE5\u53CA\u67D0\u4E9B\u79F0\u4E3A\u8BF1\u53D8\u5242\u7684\u5316\u5B66\u7269\u8D28\u800C\u4EA7\u751F\u3002"@zh-cn . "mutazio"@eu . "mutacija"@lt . "mutation"@en . "muta\u00E7\u00E3o"@pt . . "mutaci\u00F3n"@es . . "\u0574\u0578\u0582\u057F\u0561\u0581\u056B\u0561, \u0563\u0565\u0576\u0565\u057F\u056B\u056F\u0561\u056F\u0561\u0576 \u0583\u0578\u0583\u0578\u056D\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576"@hy . "\u10DB\u10E3\u10E2\u10D0\u10EA\u10D8\u10D0"@ka . "mutatie"@nl . "Promjene u kemijskom sastavu DNK u kromosomima organizma: promjene su obi\u010Dno ograni\u010Dene na pojedine gene, ali povremeno uklju\u010Duju zna\u010Dajne promjene cijelog kromosoma. Kada se mutacija javlja u gametama ili gametocitima, mo\u017Ee se stvoriti nasljedna promjena u obilje\u017Ejima organizama koji se od njih razvijaju. Mutacija je jedan od na\u010Dina na koje se stvaraju genetske varijacije u organizmima. Somatska mutacija je takva mutacija koja se pojavljuje u tjelesnoj stanici, pa se stoga prenosi na sve stanice koje iz nje nastaju mitozom. Prirodne mutacije, u ovoj fazi biolo\u0161ke evolucije, kada se pojave u stanicama vi\u0161ih \u017Eivotinja, gotovo uvijek proizvode \u0161tetne osobine. I prirodne i umjetne mutacije mogu biti prouzro\u010Dene ioniziraju\u0107im zra\u010Denjem (odatle genetske i kancerogene opasnosti od nuklearnog oru\u017Eja) i odre\u0111enim kemijskim tvarima koje se nazivaju mutagenima."@hr . "\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03B3\u03AE"@el . "mut\u0101cija"@lv . . "mutation"@fr . "mutacja"@pl . "Sprememba kemi\u010Dne sestave DNK v kromosomih organizma: spremembe so navadno omejene na posami\u010Dne gene, vendar ob\u010Dasno vklju\u010Dujejo resne spremembe vseh kromosomov. \u010Ce mutacija poteka v gametah, se lahko v zna\u010Dilnostih organizmov, ki se razvijejo iz njih, poka\u017Eejo podedovane spremembe. Mutacija je en izmed na\u010Dinov za ustvarjanje genske raznolikosti organizmov. Somati\u010Dna mutacija se zgodi v telesni celici in je posledi\u010Dno prenesena na vse celice, ki z mitozo izhajajo iz nje. Ko se naravne mutacije na tej stopnji biolo\u0161ke evolucije zgodijo v celicah vi\u0161jih \u017Eivali, skoraj vedno povzro\u010Dijo \u0161kodljive posebnosti. Tako naravne kot umetne mutacije lahko nastanejo zaradi ionizirnega sevanja (od tod genska in rakotvorna nevarnost jedrskega oro\u017Eja ) in zaradi dolo\u010Denih vrst kemikalij, imenovanih mutageni.\n"@sl . "Uvarov, E. B. & Isaac, A., Dictionary of Science, Penguin Books, London, 1993"@en . "\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03BE\u03B7"@el . "\u041C\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F"@bg . "mutation"@da . "mutasiya"@az . "muta\u021Bie"@ro . "mutation"@sv . "A change in the chemical constitution of the DNA in the chromosomes of an organism: the changes are normally restricted to individual genes, but occasionally involve serious alteration to whole chromosomes. When a mutation occurs in gametes or gametocytes an inherited change may be produced in the characteristics of the organisms that develop from them. Mutation is one of the ways in which genetic variation is produced in organisms. A somatic mutation is one that occurs to a body cell, and is consequently past on to all the cells derived from it by mitosis. Natural mutations, at this stage of biological evolution, when they occur in the cells of higher animals, almost always produce deleterious characteristics. Both natural and artificial mutations can be brought about by ionizing radiation (hence the genetic and carcinogenic dangers of nuclear weapons) and by certain chemical substances called mutagens."@en .