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  • This is another of Pittsburgh's wonderful bridges. As I learned from a previous review, this bridge was originally built to transport hot metal across the river for J&L Steel. Like U.S. Steel, Jones and Laughlin was another large steel producer. Hot metal is blast furnace iron which is saturated with carbon in the process of reducing iron oxides in ores (typically transported down Great Lake/river waterways to the sites of integrated steel mills. As this hot metal cooled it ejected small carbon particleS (graphite, like pencil lead). These carbon particulates, from the many mills located on the rivers, were not a particularly harmful pollutant, but did serve to blacken most of the brick in Pittsburgh. The coal used to produce Coke for blast furnace reduction was a significant source of pollutants, mainly from impurities in coal. Hot metal was further processed through Bessemer converters and later the basic oxygen process, which used exothermic reactions to further reduce carbon contents and increase the temperature of the liquid metal. These lower Carbon containing liquids could then be cast into ingots or continuously cast in a variety of shapes as semi-finished steels. This in turn could be further processed, typically by thermomechanical processing, e.g. hot rolling followed by cutting, stamping, forging ... To produce finished products. Semi finished and finished products, like ores and coal, were economically transported along the waterways. At the height of the steel making era in Pittsburgh, the waterways were filled with barges of all types, a tribute to the industriousness of the region and evidence of the US economic growth enabled by these enormous facilities. One of the finished products was reinforcing bars, rebar, used in the construction of buildings and yes bridges! A division of US Steel (the culmination of Andrew Carnegie's steel making empire) was responsible for building a large fraction of US bridges, like the Hot Metal bridge which allows me to have Sushi in the Southside with people who live across the river :)
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